Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Trout DB[original query] |
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Nanomaterials and worker health: medical surveillance, exposure registries, and epidemiologic research
Schulte PA , Trout DB . J Occup Environ Med 2011 53 S3-S7 OBJECTIVE: This article provides an overview of the issues that arise with medical surveillance, exposure registration, and epidemiologic research involving nanomaterial workers. METHODS: An occupational health perspective is applied to detecting risks in nanomaterial workers individually and as a group. RESULTS: General principles for medical surveillance, exposure registration, and epidemiologic research are identified. A model Nanomaterial Worker Health Study is for consideration. CONCLUSIONS: The Nanomaterial Worker Health Study can be developed as a tangible action in assuring the public that steps are being taken to learn of any adverse effects from exposure to nanomaterials. |
Introduction to the JOEM supplement Nanomaterials and Worker Health: medical surveillance, exposure registries, and epidemiologic research
Schulte PA , Trout DB , Hodson LL . J Occup Environ Med 2011 53 S1-S2 This issue presents selected articles from the Nanomaterial Workers' Health Conference held in Keystone, Colorado, July 21 to 23, 2010. The conference addressed three critical and related topics: medical surveillance; formation of exposure registries; and the conduct of epidemiologic research. Each topic was introduced with a plenary session followed by group breakout sessions to obtain input from the approximately 120 attendees. This supplement issue of the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine includes selected peer reviewed articles from the conference and summaries of the breakout sessions. The conference was initiated with a general session, and there are articles that provide an overview of the topics (Schulte and Trout) and describe lessons from air pollution particulate epidemiology (Peters et al) and the state-of-the-art of nanotoxicology (Castranova), both of which contributed to the initial concern about potential hazards of nanomaterials. The opening session also included an overview of medical surveillance in the context in which occupational physicians must regularly work and at a time when uncertainties about hazards and risks make decisions about medical surveillance of workers difficult (Nasterlack). |
General principles of medical surveillance: implications for workers potentially exposed to nanomaterials
Trout DB . J Occup Environ Med 2011 53 S22-4 OBJECTIVE: As potential occupational exposure to nanomaterials becomes more prevalent, it is important that the principles of medical surveillance be considered for workers in the nanotechnology industry. METHODS: The principles of medical surveillance are reviewed to further the discussion of occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to nanomaterials. RESULTS: Because of the rapid evolution of nanotechnology, information may not be available to make a well-informed determination of all factors needed to evaluate risk of health effects from occupational exposure to nanomaterials. CONCLUSION: Every workplace dealing with engineered nanomaterials should conduct hazard and exposure assessments as part of an overall surveillance needs assessment for nanotechnology workers. In workplaces where risk is felt to be present, or at least cannot be ruled out, initiation of medical surveillance is prudent to protect workers' health. |
A pilot study on the association between job stress and repeated measures of immunological biomarkers in female nurses
Lee KM , Kang D , Yoon K , Kim SY , Kim H , Yoon HS , Trout DB , Hurrell JJ Jr . Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010 83 (7) 779-89 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunosuppressive effects of job stress in female nurses, an 8-month longitudinal study was conducted at a major university hospital. METHODS: Four groups of ten subjects each were constructed to represent high versus low objective stress and high versus low subjective stress based on their responses to a job stress questionnaire and objective stress ratings of the hospital's work units. Number of white blood cells (i.e., T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells), and lymphocytic proliferation to mitogens (concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed) and toxoid (tetanus) were measured by flow cytometry and radioimmunoassay. Serum levels of hydrocortisol, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, and salivary IgA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance controlling for age and smoking. RESULTS: The level of white blood cells was lower among high objective stress group (median: 7,170/m(3); range: 5,386-10,057) compared with that among low objective stress group (8,063; 5,888-9,875) (P = 0.03), however, no other cellular blood variables were found to be significant. In terms of humoral immuno-biomarkers, the level of TNF-alpha was moderately lower among high objective stress group (1.7 ng/ml; 0.3-2.7) compared with that among low objective stress group (2.2; 0.5-3.5) (P = 0.07), whereas the level of total sIgA was significantly higher among higher objective stress group (72.9 end-point titer/mg/ml/min; 14.4-153.4) compared with that among low objective stress group (44.8; 9.9-123.8) (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that psychological job stress affects the levels of some immunological biomarkers in female nurses. |
Medical surveillance, exposure registries, and epidemiologic research for workers exposed to nanomaterials
Trout DB , Schulte PA . Toxicology 2009 269 128-35 While there is a growing body of information about hazards of nanomaterials, little is known about the risks to workers exposed to them. However, workers are the first people in society that are being exposed to the growing inventory of "nano-enabled" products in commerce. The number of workers involved in the investigation, manufacture, production, and disposal of these types of products is growing. Although toxicologic research is still the highest priority, it is time to actively anticipate the health needs of workers. To date, precautionary risk management approaches have been widely advocated. Now there is a need to initiate an evolving process to identify the issues in medical surveillance, utilization of exposure registries, and the conduct of epidemiologic research. Each of these are complex endeavors that build on the toxicologic evidence and extent of exposure. There is a need to assess the scientific basis and research needs for determining early functional changes, organ system and disease responses for use in targeted medical surveillance. There is also need for development of criteria for extrapolating toxicological data in biological systems to predict the risk of adverse outcomes in humans. In the meantime, exposure registries may be pivotal in helping societies act in the face of uncertainty in a precautionary manner, but legal, ethical, and logistical issues need resolution. Epidemiologic research will build on these efforts and may ultimately contribute critical definitive rationale for medical monitoring, risk assessment and management. |
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